Common NameFilbert, Giant filbert
FamilyBetulaceae
USDA hardiness4-8
Known HazardsNone known
HabitatsWoods, hedges and ravines[100].
RangeS. Europe to W. Asia.
Edibility Rating        (5 of 5)
Other Uses        (5 of 5)
Weed PotentialNo
Medicinal Rating        (0 of 5)
Care (info)Fully HardyMoist SoilSemi-shadeFull sun
Giant filbert-Corylus maxima
Giant filbert-Corylus maxima
Giant filbert-Corylus maxima
Giant filbert-Corylus maxima
Giant filbert-Corylus maxima
Giant filbert-Corylus maxima
Giant filbert-Corylus maxima
Giant filbert-Corylus maxima
Giant filbert-Corylus maxima
Giant filbert-Corylus maxima
Giant filbert-Corylus maxima

Growing Corylus maxima: A Complete Guide to Cultivating the Filbert Hazelnut Tree

Corylus maxima, commonly known as the Filbert Hazelnut, is a highly productive and adaptable nut-bearing shrub or small tree. Valued for its delicious, nutrient-rich nuts, ornamental appeal, and environmental benefits, this species is widely cultivated in temperate regions. Whether you’re a home gardener or a commercial grower, understanding how to grow and maintain Corylus maxima will help you achieve bountiful harvests while supporting biodiversity.

Why Grow Corylus maxima?

Growing Filbert Hazelnut trees offers numerous advantages, including:

  • High Nut Yield – Produces large, flavorful hazelnuts that are rich in healthy fats, proteins, and antioxidants.
  • Early Bearing & Productivity – Begins fruiting within 3-5 years of planting, making it a fast-yielding nut tree.
  • Versatile & Adaptable – Thrives in various soil types and climates, ideal for sustainable gardening.
  • Wildlife & Pollinator Support – Provides habitat for birds, bees, and beneficial insects.
  • Eco-Friendly – Useful for soil stabilization and agroforestry systems.

Best Growing Conditions for Filbert Hazelnut Trees

1. Climate Requirements

  • Grows best in temperate climates, thriving in USDA zones 4-9.
  • Requires a period of chilling hours (800-1,200 hours below 45°F/7°C) for proper fruit development.
  • Tolerates mild frost but may be susceptible to late spring frosts affecting flowers.

2. Soil Preferences

  • Prefers well-drained loamy or sandy soils with a pH of 6.0-7.5.
  • Avoids waterlogged or highly compacted soil.
  • Benefits from organic matter enrichment for optimal growth.

3. Sunlight Needs

  • Requires full sun to partial shade, with at least 6-8 hours of sunlight daily.
  • More sunlight promotes better nut production and tree health.

4. Watering Requirements

  • Newly planted trees need regular watering during their first 2-3 years.
  • Once established, Corylus maxima is drought-tolerant but benefits from occasional deep watering in dry periods.
  • Mulching helps retain moisture and regulate soil temperature.

How to Plant Corylus maxima

1. Choosing the Right Location

  • Space trees 12-15 feet apart to allow proper air circulation and nut development.
  • Consider wind protection, as strong winds can damage young shoots and flowers.
  • Plant multiple trees for cross-pollination, as most hazelnut varieties are not self-fertile.

2. Planting Saplings or Seeds

  • Seed Planting:
    • Collect fresh hazelnuts in autumn and cold stratify them for 90-120 days.
    • Plant 2 inches deep in prepared soil in early spring.
  • Sapling Planting:
    • Dig a hole twice the width and depth of the root ball.
    • Set the tree at the same level as it was in the nursery container.
    • Water deeply and apply organic mulch to conserve moisture.

Pruning and Maintenance

1. Pruning for Optimal Growth

  • Prune in late winter or early spring before new growth appears.
  • Remove dead, diseased, or weak branches to enhance airflow.
  • Maintain a multi-stemmed shrub form or train as a single-trunk tree for easier harvesting.

2. Common Pests and Diseases

  • Hazelnut Weevil & Filbert Worm – Use organic pest control measures like neem oil or natural predators.
  • Eastern Filbert Blight (EFB) – Choose resistant cultivars and prune infected branches.
  • Aphids & Spider Mites – Control with insecticidal soap or by attracting beneficial insects.
  • Squirrels & Birds – Protect nuts using wildlife netting or deterrents.

3. Fertilizing Corylus maxima

  • Apply a balanced fertilizer (10-10-10 NPK) in early spring.
  • Supplement with compost or organic matter to improve soil fertility.
  • Conduct soil tests to determine nutrient deficiencies and avoid over-fertilization.

Harvesting Hazelnuts

1. When to Harvest

  • Nuts mature in late summer to early fall (August-September).
  • Harvest when husks turn brown and nuts begin falling from the tree.

2. Processing and Storing Hazelnuts

  • Hulling – Remove nuts from their outer husks promptly after harvesting.
  • Drying – Spread nuts in a well-ventilated, shaded area for 2-3 weeks to improve storage longevity.
  • Storage:
    • Keep dried nuts in-shell for long-term storage.
    • Store shelled nuts in airtight containers in a cool, dry place.

Sustainable and Commercial Benefits of Growing Giant filbert

1. Environmental and Ecological Benefits

  • Supports wildlife and biodiversity by providing food and shelter.
  • Prevents soil erosion with its deep root system.
  • Adaptable for permaculture and regenerative agriculture systems.

2. Commercial Potential and Market Demand

  • Hazelnuts are widely used in chocolates, baked goods, nut spreads, and plant-based milk.
  • Growing demand for organic hazelnuts in health-conscious markets.
  • A profitable crop for small-scale farmers and large nut orchards.

Final Thoughts: Why Choose Corylus maxima?

Corylus maxima is an excellent choice for growers looking for a productive, resilient, and eco-friendly nut tree. With proper care, this hazelnut variety provides nutritious yields, sustainable benefits, and economic opportunities. Whether you are planting for personal consumption, landscaping, or commercial farming, Filbert Hazelnuts offer a low-maintenance and rewarding growing experience.

Ready to start growing Filbert Hazelnuts? Plant today and enjoy the many benefits of this hardy nut tree!

More information: https://pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?LatinName=Corylus+maxima